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Sombrero vueltiao
The ''sombrero vueltiao'' (Colombian Spanish for ''turned hat'') is a traditional hat from Colombia and one of its symbols. It is made out of ''Gynerium sagittatum'' known locally as ''caña flecha'', a type of cane that grows in the region. The word ''vueltiao'' is a Colombian regionalism from the northern Caribbean Region and the area surrounding the Magdalena River basin that originate in the word for "turn" or "lap" (Spanish ''vuelta''), and arose due to the way the hat is made. The quality of the hat is determined by the number of pairs of fibers braided together to make the hat, and its bending flexibility. The more flexible the hat is, the higher quality it is.〔"(The Sombrero Vueltiao )." ''Proexport Colombia,'' Official travel guide of Colombia.〕
The making of the hat originated amongst the Zenú tribes located in the Sinú river region, between the Córdoba and Sucre departments of Colombia. Under the denomination of ″Zenú breed″ there was three empires: Finzenú, Panzenú and Zenufana. Since the pre-Hispanic, the aborigines used the hat for sun protection during the corn crop, as evidence of a investigation in the Gold Museum in Bogotá and the Luigi Pigorini Museum in Rome. Is probably that the hat can be part of the hierarchy ritual of the tribe and it had also powerful fertilization beliefs. The Colombian delegation to the 2004 Olympics wore the vueltiao during the opening ceremony. It is also traditionally worn by cumbia dancers and vallenato artists.
== Making a sombrero vueltiao ==
Making a sombrero vueltiao is a lengthy process. First, the ''caña flecha'' leaves must be dried and the veins removed using a knife and a piece of leather to obtain uniform, sturdy strips. The strips are then dried in the sun until they turn from green to beige or white, and are sorted according to color. The beige, or "dirty strips" (Spanish:''sucias'') are then soaked in sand-free black mud. After about three or four days in the mud, the colored strips are washed thoroughly with cold water and boiled in ''vija'', another wild plant, for at least a couple of hours. After this, the tinted strips are again dried in the sun for several days, and the coloring process is repeated until they have reached a uniform black color.
After the desired colors are obtained, the ''caña flecha'' strips are woven into the braids that are used to form the sombrero. This can take many days, depending on the desired quality. The ''olma'', or central part of the top of the hat, is the first part of the hat to be woven. The crown of the hat and later the wings are made. Once the manual part of constructing the hat is finished, the hat is completed by using a foot-driven sewing machine to sew the hat together.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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